All philodendron species contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause severe oral irritation.
Heartleaf philodendron and split-leaf philodendron are common houseplants — both are toxic.
Philodendron leaves contain calcium oxalate raphides in specialized cells. When the cells are crushed by chewing, the needle-like crystals are forcefully ejected and embed in mucous membranes, causing immediate pain, swelling and tissue irritation.
Sources
Most dogs spit the leaves out after the first painful bite. Large amounts or persistent chewing can cause significant airway swelling.
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