Aspirin can cause stomach ulcers, kidney damage and bleeding disorders in dogs.
Dogs metabolise salicylates very slowly, so doses safe in humans accumulate quickly.
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase enzymes, reducing protective prostaglandins in the stomach lining and kidneys. Dogs have a much longer half-life for salicylates than humans (~37 hours vs ~7 hours), so repeated dosing leads to toxic accumulation.
Sources
Toxicity begins around 20–25 mg/kg. A single 325 mg aspirin tablet given daily to a 10 kg dog is enough to cause GI bleeding.
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