Antifreeze
DangerousAntifreeze (ethylene glycol) is one of the most dangerous household poisons for dogs.
Toxicity Level
10/10Why It's Dangerous
Has a sweet taste that attracts dogs. Even a small amount can cause kidney failure and death within days.
The Science
Ethylene glycolAntifreeze contains ethylene glycol, which has a sweet taste that attracts dogs and cats. The compound itself is not highly toxic, but the liver metabolizes it into glycolic acid and oxalic acid via alcohol dehydrogenase. These metabolites cause severe metabolic acidosis and form calcium oxalate crystals that deposit in the kidneys, brain, and other organs. Kidney damage begins within 12-24 hours and is often irreversible by 36-72 hours. The window for effective treatment is extremely narrow.
Sources
- •Merck Veterinary Manual — Ethylene Glycol Toxicosis
- •ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center
- •European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
Dosage & Thresholds
The minimum lethal dose for dogs is approximately 4.4-6.6ml/kg (about 1-2 tablespoons per 5kg of body weight). A small puddle on a garage floor can contain enough to kill a medium-sized dog. Some antifreeze now contains a bittering agent (denatonium benzoate) to deter drinking, but this is not mandatory in all countries.
Symptoms to Watch For
If your dog has ingested antifreeze
Contact your veterinarian or an emergency animal poison hotline immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a vet.
callFind Emergency Vet