Xylitol is an artificial sweetener extremely toxic to dogs.
Found in sugar-free gum, candy, and peanut butter. Can cause rapid insulin release and liver failure.
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as an artificial sweetener in sugar-free products. In dogs, xylitol triggers a massive and rapid release of insulin from the pancreas — up to 2.5-7x higher than the same amount of glucose would cause. This insulin surge causes a dangerous drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemia) within 10-60 minutes of ingestion. At higher doses, xylitol causes direct hepatocellular necrosis (liver cell death) through an unknown mechanism, potentially leading to acute liver failure within 9-72 hours.
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Hypoglycemia can occur at doses as low as 0.1g/kg body weight. Liver failure risk begins at 0.5g/kg. A single piece of sugar-free gum contains 0.3-1.0g of xylitol, meaning just 1-2 pieces could cause hypoglycemia in a 10kg dog. A pack of gum could be lethal. Always check ingredient labels for xylitol (also called birch sugar or E967).
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