Garlic is toxic to dogs, 5x more potent than onions.
Damages red blood cells leading to anemia. All forms are dangerous.
Garlic is a member of the Allium family and contains higher concentrations of organosulfur compounds than onions. Allicin and diallyl disulfide are the primary toxins, which cause the same oxidative red blood cell damage as onions but at lower doses. The compounds damage the hemoglobin inside red blood cells, forming Heinz bodies and eccentrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia. Signs may not appear immediately — it can take 3-5 days for anemia to develop after ingestion.
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Garlic is roughly 3-5x more toxic than onion per gram. The toxic dose is approximately 5g of garlic per kg of body weight. One clove of garlic weighs about 3-7g, so 2-3 cloves could be dangerous for a 10kg dog. Garlic powder is more concentrated. Note: some holistic sources claim garlic is beneficial for dogs in small amounts — veterinary consensus considers this unsafe.
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