Dieffenbachia leaves cause intense mouth pain due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals.
The name 'dumb cane' refers to the painful mouth and tongue swelling that can leave animals (and humans) unable to vocalise.
Dieffenbachia tissues contain bundles of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) along with proteolytic enzymes. When chewed, the raphides physically inject the enzymes into mucous membranes, causing intense pain and swelling that can compromise breathing.
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A single bite is usually enough to make the dog stop. Significant swelling of the throat warrants urgent veterinary care to protect the airway.
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